Comparative Seismic Evaluation of Fixed-Base and Flexible-Base RC Buildings Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Abstract
Abstract Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) is often neglected in codal seismic design of structures. This study presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a G + 4 Reinforced concrete (RC) building located in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh Seismic Zone V under fixed-base (NSSI) and flexible-base (SSI) conditions using a spring-based substructure approach in SAP2000. The SSI model incorporates soil flexibility through translational and rotational springs derived from site specific geotechnical data. The results indicate a clear modification in structural response due to SSI, with an increase by 7–15% in natural time period, approximately 39% reduction in base shear, and significant amplification in storey drift and roof displacement. The findings demonstrate that the conventional fixed-base assumption may become unconservative when P-Delta effects and deformation criteria govern design. This study emphasizes the need for incorporating SSI effects in seismic analysis to achieve realistic and reliable structural performance, particularly for mid-rise buildings in high seismic regions in Indian practice.
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