Distinct cortical networks associated with subregions of the hippocampal-entorhinal system in the first two years of human life
Abstract
Episodic memory critically depends on the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Despite a rapid developmental change in human episodic memory during the first two years of life, little is known about the developmental trajectory of the hippocampal-entorhinal circuitry during this critical time period. In the current study, we collected high-quality precision fMRI data from five typically developing infants over the time period between 1 and 2 years of life and examined, in great anatomical detail, the developmental profile of distinct parts of the infant hippocampal-entorhinal system and their coupling with distinct cortical networks. We show that already at around 1 year of age, subdivisions of the canonical default network (DN) are fully dissociated at the neocortex and are differently associated with the hippocampal-entorhinal system, with tentatively differential developmental trajectories. While the DN-A, associated with episodic simulation, coupled with the anterior hippocampus and the medial part of the entorhinal cortex, the DN-B, associated with social cognition, showed significantly weaker connectivity with the hippocampal-entorhinal system. Furthermore, the parietal memory network coupled with the posterior hippocampus and the lateral part of the entorhinal cortex. Exploratory longitudinal results suggest that associations of the DN-B with the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex increase towards the end of the second postnatal year, and the associations of the…
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