Cellular basis of working memory
Abstract
In the presence of normal sensory and motor capacity, intelligent behavior is widely acknowledged to develop from the interaction of shortand long-term memory. While the behavioral, cellular, and molecular underpinnings of the long-term memory process have long been associated with the hippocampal formation, and this structure has become a major model system for the study of memory (Bliss and Lomo, 1973; McNaughton and Nadel, 1990; Squire and Zola-Morgan, 1991), the neural substrates of specific short-term memory functions have more and more become identified with prefrontal cortical areas (GoldmanRakic, 1987; Fuster, 1989). The special nature of working memory was first identified in studies of human cognition (e.g., Norman, 1970; Baddeley, 1986), and modern neurobiological methods have identified a specific population of neurons, patterns of their intrinsic and extrinsic circuitry, and signaling molecules that are engaged in this process in animals. In this article, I will first define key features of working memory and then descdbe its biological basis in primates.
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