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Thyroid Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment: Neural Mechanisms and Neurofeedback-Based Interventions

Ma Z, Liu Y, Chen M, Wang M, Liu T

Brain and behavior, 2026

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction has emerged as a significant contributor to global public health challenges, with mounting evidence indicating its impact on cognitive function.

Methods: The current literature was synthesized to examine the association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairments, the underlying neural mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches.

Results: A critical gap identified in this review is the incomplete understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying thyroid-related cognitive decline, which hampers the development of targeted interventions.

Conclusion: Neurofeedback is examined as a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive rehabilitation, and future research directions are proposed to advance this field.

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