A Review of the Seismicity and Impact of Earthquakes on Life in Egypt
Abstract
This review assesses seismicity in Egypt and the risks posed by earthquakes to the economy and to human life. Historical seismicity and tectonic data enable assessment of earthquake recurrence and severity. Hazard assessment of this sort is very important for Egypt due to the great expansion in construction and particularly the rapid increase of illegal construction, following the political unrest of 2011. Unregulated construction poses a great threat to citizens. In Egypt, even moderate earthquakes can cause economic disaster and serious loss of life, as in 1992. Egypt has a recorded earthquake history dating back to 2200 B.C. Seismic events have been documented near Alexandria in 1870 and 1955, near Fayum in 1303 and 1847, and in the Nile Valley and near Cairo in 2200 B.C. and 1111. The seismotectonic setting of Egypt suggests relatively high activity along the Gulf of Aqaba-Dead Sea transform, the Northern Red Sea and Gulf of Suez, Dahshour, near heavily populated Cairo, and in Aswan. Based on data from the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), the International Seismological Centre Bulletin, published papers, and catalogs, I have constructed a list of historical and recent earthquakes in Egypt.
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