Photon-induced Auger effect in biological systems: a review
Abstract
PURPOSE: In this paper, we review interesting findings reported in the studies of the biological effects induced by inner-shell ionization with the aim of interpreting them from a mechanistic viewpoint, in particular, of the Auger effect of atoms on different biological systems.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: More than 70 published papers are cited on the Auger effects ranging from DNA-related elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus) to mammalian cells. Externally administrated bromine, iodine, and platinum have also been cited for the present endeavor. Those significant works all needed a highly monochromatized X-rays from brilliant synchrotron light sources.
RESULTS: We have assembled a coherent view on the inner-shell effects of the Auger process that contrasts to the overall effects with the outer-shell ionization processes.
CONCLUSION: Some of these studies have reported that the Auger effect significantly enhances biological effects as compared with irradiation at below K-ionization energy. The Auger-specific molecular degradation mode of DNA, involving extensive fragmentation of the deoxypentose moiety, has also been revealed. We conclude that the selectively localized effect on the specified atoms through inner-shell ionization followed by the Auger process should have a definite impact on the current radiation effect studies, which are largely based on non-selective outer-shell ionizations.
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