Recent Advances in Cation-Engineered A3BX6 Metal Halide Perovskite for Enhanced Radiative Transition
Abstract
A3BX6 perovskites, a family of vacancy-ordered structures, exhibit diverse luminescence behaviors upon photon, electron, and high-energy excitation, primarily originating from intrinsic self-trapped excitons or dopant-induced electronic transitions. Upon B-site cation engineering, ns2 cations tune intrinsic luminescence, whereas transition-metal and rare-earth dopants activate characteristic d-d, d-f, and f-f transitions, enriching A3BX6 optical diversity. The tunable crystal structure and electronic configuration endow A3BX6 perovskites with exceptional versatility for photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and scintillation applications. This review systematically elucidates how B-site chemistry modulates the structure-property-application relationships in this material family. P-block B-site A3BX6 perovskites exhibit high photoluminescence efficiency, broadband emission, and strong ultraviolet absorption, enabling applications in high-sensitivity photodetectors (1.23 × 1012 Jones), information encryption, and white light-emitting diodes. In comparison, rare-earth-based A3BX6 perovskites enable high-efficiency electroluminescent devices, featuring deep-blue light-emitting diode with an external quantum efficiency of 7.9%. Moreover, they exhibit superior scintillation performance, including high x-ray light yield (88,800 ph/MeV), low x-ray detection limit (63 nGy/s), and notable γ-ray response under 137Cs excitation (47,000 ph/MeV; 4.0% energy resolution). These insights…
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