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Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

S. Pappa, Vasiliki Ntella, T. Giannakas, V. Giannakoulis, E. Papoutsi, P. Katsaounou

Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020

3,312 citations

Abstract

Highlights • At least one in five healthcare professionals report symptoms of depression and anxiety.• Almost four in ten healthcare workers experience sleeping difficulties and/or insomnia.• Rates of anxiety and depression were higher for female healthcare workers and nursing staff.• Milder mood symptoms are common and screening should aim to identify mild and sub-threshold syndromes.

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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.

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