Climate change and health system preparedness: A scoping review of adaptation plans in Central America and the Caribbean
Abstract
Evidence on how health is incorporated into climate adaptation planning in Central America and the Caribbean remains limited. We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines to characterise how climate-health adaptation is reflected across planning documents from 20 countries in this region and the extent to which key dimensions are addressed. Official documents published between 2000 and 2025 were retrieved from the UNFCCC repository and government websites. A total of 147 national and seven cross-border planning documents were reviewed using a structured framework covering six dimensions: objectives, actions, disproportionately affected populations, costing and funding, monitoring and evaluation, and cross-border collaboration. Climate-health objectives and actions are widely included, followed by references to disproportionately affected populations, whereas only four countries reached the highest level of detail in costing and funding information, suggesting an area where future planning could support implementation and policy translation.
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