A review of NEW seismic constraints of crust and mantle structure from china and india coupled with seismic QS and temperature estimates for the upper mantle
Abstract
Reliable data regarding the seismic structure of China and India significantly improve the determination of seismic source parameters for the purposes of monitoring nuclear test explosions in those countries. To provide some of this information, we present seismic cross-sections for China and India and new maps of S-wave attenuation in Eurasia. We present a new deep crustal section across northwest China and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau based on seismic refraction experiments and geologic mapping. The crustal velocity structure and Poisson's ratio (σ) for the 2,700-km-long transect, which provide a constraint on crustal composition, were determined from P- and S- wave data. The crustal thickness along the profile was determined, and the crust was found to have three layers with P-wave velocities (Vp) of 6.0-6.3 km/s, 6.3-6.6 km/s, and 6.9-7.0 km/s, respectively. We interpret the consistent three-layer stratification of the crust to indicate that the crust has undergone partial melting and differentiation after Paleozoic terrane accretion. Pn velocities are ~7.7 to 7.8 km/s. We likewise present deep structural details of central India using reprocessed seismic data. A shallow mid-crust and a thick high-velocity lower crust are found to be characteristic features of the region. The study area exhibits high mantle heat flow and shallow lithospheric thickness compared with other cratons and mobile belts of the Indian shield. The geophysical anomalies of the region are…
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