Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise on Metabolic Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and GRADE Assessment of RCTs
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. There is no absolute treatment for PCOS, but it is managed symptomatically. Adopting a healthy lifestyle comprising a balanced diet and physical exercise is the major recommendation for management of PCOS.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise as an intervention for improving metabolic profiles in women suffering from PCOS.
Methods: A systematic search was performed in 4 databases; Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science, since inception till 28.2.2025. Risk of bias was performed using Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool and meta-analysis was done by using random-effects models.
Results: Twenty-five RCTs were included in the review for qualitative synthesis and 5 RCTs with a total of 192 participants were included for quantitative analysis. A low but statistically significant decrease was observed in waist-to-hip ratio). Lipid profile analysis revealed a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Further, HIIT also improved insulin sensitivity, by decreasing fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR. A non-significant reduction was observed in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Changes in triglycerides, and HDL were also non-significant.
Conclusion: Aerobic exercise, especially HIIT, appears effective in improving regional fat distribution, LDL cholesterol, and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 192 participants or records.
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