Prospective risk of Type 2 diabetes in 99 892 Nordic women with polycystic ovary syndrome and 446 055 controls: national cohort study from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION
What is the prospective risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Nordic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to controls?
SUMMARY ANSWER
A diagnosis of PCOS and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 is a high-risk phenotype for a prospective risk of T2D diagnosis across Nordic countries.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
The risk of T2D in women with PCOS is increased. The risk of T2D is related to BMI and the magnitude of risk in normal weight women with PCOS has been discussed. However, prospective data regarding risk of T2D in population-based cohorts of women with PCOS are limited.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This national register-based study included women with PCOS and age-matched controls. The main study outcome was T2D diagnosis occurring after PCOS diagnosis. T2D was defined according to ICD-10 diagnosis codes and/or filled medicine prescriptions of anti-diabetic medication excluding metformin.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
The study cohort included women originating from Denmark (PCOS Denmark, N = 27 016; controls, N = 133 994), Finland (PCOS Finland, N = 20 467; controls, N = 58 051), and Sweden (PCOS Sweden, N = 52 409; controls, N = 254 010). The median age at cohort entry was 28 years in PCOS Denmark, Finland, and Sweden with a median follow-up time (interquartile range) in women with PCOS of 8.5 (4.0-14.8), 9.8 (5.1-15.1), and 6.0 (2.0-10.0) years, respectively. Cox regression analyses were adjusted for BMI and length of education.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 446 participants or records.
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