Exploring the comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome: treatment with traditional Chinese medicine
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are prevalent clinical conditions that frequently coexist and exhibit intricate pathophysiological interrelationships and shared genetic susceptibilities. T2DM is primarily characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, whereas PCOS, a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, presents with multiple phenotypic variants, with the classical phenotype conferring the highest risk of T2DM development. Epidemiological studies indicate that women with PCOS have a significantly increased risk of developing T2DM, particularly in the presence of obesity, hyperandrogenism, and other metabolic risk factors. The coexistence of these two disorders reflects overlapping endocrine and metabolic abnormalities and is associated with increased long-term health burden. Diagnosis requires integrated assessment of glucose metabolism, reproductive features, and related clinical indicators. Current management includes lifestyle intervention, pharmacological treatment, and selected surgical approaches, while traditional Chinese medicine may provide complementary value in symptom regulation and metabolic improvement. However, further high-quality studies are needed to clarify its efficacy and mechanisms. Future research should focus on standardized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and on strengthening evidence for integrated management.
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