Pluchea dioscoridis extract: A novel therapeutic approach for polycystic ovary syndrome targeting ovarian morphology, dopamine pathways, and neurobehavior in relation to its phytocomponents
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine condition associated with hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, as well as behavioral modifications.
AIM: This research assesses the impact of the chemically profiled Pluchea dioscoridis ethanolic extract and metformin in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rat model.
METHODS: Thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into five groups: Control, P. dioscoridis (100 mg/kg), PCOS (letrozole, 1 mg/kg), PCOS + Metformin (300 mg/kg), and PCOS + P. dioscoridis (100 mg/kg), letrazole was given for 8 weeks followed by metformin or P. dioscoridis for 21 days. Behavioral assessments, hormone analyses, and dopamine quantifications in the brain were performed. Ovarian histology and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted.
RESULTS: Letrozole-induced PCOS resulted in heightened depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, along with significant hormonal imbalances compared to the control group (P < 0.05%). Both P. dioscoridis and metformin therapies significantly ameliorated these changes, with P. dioscoridis demonstrating better efficacy. P. dioscoridis medication regulated luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and estrogen levels, concurrently enhancing cerebral dopamine levels. Histological analysis revealed less cystic follicles and a reinstated normal ovarian architecture in rats treated with P. dioscoridis compared to PCOS group (P < 0.05%). Several…
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