Federated analytics for non-communicable disease surveillance in the European health data space: a scoping review and conceptual framework
Abstract
Background: The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Europe has intensified the need for timely, comparable, and policy-relevant health indicators derived from increasingly heterogeneous health data ecosystems. The European Health Data Space (EHDS) represents a major policy initiative to facilitate the secondary use of health data while preserving privacy, security, and national data sovereignty. In this context, federated analytics can foster international comparisons without requiring the transfer of person-level data.
Objectives: This scoping review aimed to map federated analytical approaches relevant to the production of NCD indicators within the EHDS and to develop a conceptual framework linking distributed statistical methods, privacy-preserving infrastructures, and policy-oriented surveillance requirements.
Materials and methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Searches were structured into three complementary conceptual domains: (a) federated analytical approaches, (b) distributed statistical inference methods, and (c) governance and health-data infrastructures relevant to the EHDS. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, for studies published between 2010-26. Records were exported with abstracts and full bibliographic metadata. Deduplication and metadata-aware merging were conducted across databases using DOI and normalized-title matching.
Results: We retrieved a total of 2,362…
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