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Federated Learning: An Approach for Managing Data Privacy and Security in Collaborative Learning

Reeti Jaswal, Surya Narayan Panda, Vikas Khullar

Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering), 2025

10 citations

Abstract

Abstract: In the field of machine learning, federated learning (FL) has become a

breakthrough paradigm, provided a decentralized method of training models while solving issues

with data security, privacy, and scalability. This study offers a thorough analysis of FL, including

an examination of its underlying theories, its varieties, and a comparison with more conventional

machine learning techniques. We explore the drawbacks of conventional machine learning techniques,

especially when sensitive and distributed data is involved. We also explain how FL addresses

these drawbacks by leveraging collaborative learning across decentralized devices or

servers. We also highlight the various fields in which FL finds application, including healthcare,

industries, IoT, mobile devices, and education, demonstrating its potential to deliver tailored services

and predictive analytics while maintaining data privacy. Furthermore, we address the main

obstacles to FL adoption, such as costly communication, heterogeneous systems, statistical heterogeneity,

and privacy concerns, and we suggest possible directions for future research to effectively

overcome these obstacles. In order to facilitate future study and growth in this quickly developing

discipline, this review attempts to shed light on the advances and challenges of FL.

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