A Narrative Review of Privacy Preserving Artificial Intelligence in Nursing Practice Through Federated Learning
Abstract
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence in nursing practice has enhanced predictive analytics, clinical decision support, and workforce management. However, concerns regarding data privacy, data silo fragmentation, and limited model generalizability remain significant challenges. Federated learning has emerged as a privacy preserving distributed machine learning approach that enables collaborative model development without transferring raw patient data across institutions. This narrative review aims to examine the conceptual foundation of federated learning and analyze its relevance for nursing practice and research. A literature search was conducted using Scopus and ScienceDirect databases covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Articles were analyzed through thematic synthesis focusing on technical architecture, clinical applications, ethical implications, and implementation challenges. The review indicates that federated learning has substantial potential to support predictive risk modeling, multicenter nursing outcome research, and integration within clinical decision support systems while maintaining patient confidentiality. Nevertheless, challenges related to non identical data distribution, governance accountability, interoperability, and digital literacy among nurses must be addressed to ensure safe and equitable implementation. Federated learning represents a strategic pathway for developing collaborative and privacy conscious artificial intelligence in…
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