Evaluation of dietary protein and amino acid requirements: a systematic review
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Protein intakes are set by the dietary reference intakes, which were published in 2005 and have not been updated since.
OBJECTIVES
This review assesses the evidence on requirements for average daily dietary protein and individual indispensable amino acid intake for healthy individuals by life stage and sex.
METHODS
Literature was searched from January 2000 through May 2024 in Medline, EMBASE, AGRICOLA, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text publications using predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We extracted data, assessed risk of bias (RoB), qualitatively synthesized results from low to moderate RoB studies, and evaluated the strength of evidence supporting conclusions.
RESULTS
We identified 11,408 studies, of which 68 articles reporting on 66 unique studies were eligible for the review and 45 were assessed as low or moderate RoB. For infants, 6 studies examined requirements for isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. For children/adolescents, 7 studies examined requirements for protein, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and total branched-chain amino acids. For pregnant people, 4 studies examined requirements for protein, lysine, and phenylalanine. For adults 19-50 y, 16 studies examined requirements for protein, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine and for adults 51->70 y, and 6 studies examined requirements for protein, leucine,…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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