High dietary glycemic load is associated with higher concentrations of urinary advanced glycation endproducts: the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their precursors (dicarbonyls) are associated with the progression of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plasma concentrations of dicarbonyls methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) are increased after an oral glucose load indicating that consumption of diets high in carbohydrates may induce the endogenous formation of dicarbonyls and AGEs.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with concentrations of dicarbonyls and AGEs in plasma and urine.
METHODS
Cross-sectional analyses were performed in a human observational cohort [Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM), n = 494, 59 ± 7 y, 25% type 2 diabetes]. GI and GL were derived from FFQs. Dicarbonyls and AGEs were measured in the fasting state by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS. MGO, GO, and 3-DG and protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and pentosidine were measured in plasma. Free forms of CML, CEL, and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were measured in both plasma and urine. Multiple linear regression was performed with dicarbonyls and AGEs as dependent variables, and dietary GI or GL as main independent variables (all standardized). Models were adjusted for health and lifestyle factors, dietary factors, and reciprocally for GI and GL. As this was an explorative study, we did not…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 494 participants or records.
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