Serum Carboxymethyl-lysine, an Advanced Glycation End Product, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study
Abstract
Importance Advanced glycation end products have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objective To investigate the relationship between serum carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major circulating advanced glycation end product, and AMD in older adults. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Population-based sample of older adults in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Participants 4907 adults, aged ≥66 years Exposure Serum CML and risk factors for AMD. Main Outcome Measures Early or late AMD, assessed through fundus images taken through dilated pupils using a 45-degree digital camera and grading for drusen size, type, area, increased retinal pigment, retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation, neovascular lesions, and geographic atrophy using the modified Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Results Of the 4907 participants, 1025 (20.9%) had early AMD and 276 (5.6%) had late AMD. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) serum CML concentrations among adults with no AMD, early AMD, and late AMD (exudative AMD and pure geographic atrophy) were 3.0 (0.9), 3.1 (1.0), and 3.1 (0.9) μmol/L, respectively (P = 0.07). Log serum CML (per 1 log SD) was not associated with any AMD (early and late AMD) (Odds Ratio [O.R.] 0.97, 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.] 0.90, 1.04, P = 0.44) or with late AMD (O.R. = 0.94, 95% C.I. 0.82, 1.08, P = 0.36) in respective multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, body mass…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 4,907 participants or records.
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