Serum Carboxymethyl-lysine, a Dominant Advanced Glycation End Product, is Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Abstract
Objective: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are modifiable risk factors for renal disease that have been primarily studied in persons with diabetes or end-stage renal disease. The objective was to characterize the relationship between AGEs and renal function in community-dwelling adults. Design: Serum L-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a dominant AGE, was compared with renal function in a cross-sectional analysis. Setting: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) in Baltimore, Maryland. Patients or Other Participants: Community-dwelling men and women, aged 26-93 years, seen in a regular BLSA follow-up visit between 2002 and 2007. Main outcome measure: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), ≥stage 3 of National Kidney Foundation classification (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and eGFR. Results: Of 750 adults, 121 (16.1%) had CKD. Serum CML was associated with CKD (Odds Ratio [O.R.] expressed per 1 Standard Deviation [S.D.], 1.37, 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.] 1.11-1.67, P = 0.003) in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, race, smoking, and chronic diseases. Serum CML was associated with eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (beta = −2.21, standard error = 0.57, P = 0.0001) in multivariate linear regression model adjusting for age, race, smoking, and chronic diseases. After excluding patients with diabetes, serum CML was associated with CKD (O.R. per 1 S.D., 1.38, 95% C.I. 1.12-1.70, P = 0.003) and eGFR (beta = −2.09, standard error =…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cross-sectional, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 750 participants or records.
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