Metabolism and global protein glycosylation are differentially expressed in healthy and osteoarthritic equine carpal synovial fluid
Abstract
Background: Carpal osteochondral fragmentation and subsequent post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) are leading causes of wastage in the equine athlete. Identification of synovial fluid biomarkers could contribute to the diagnosis and understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed metabolic and glycosylation pathways in synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with naturally occurring carpal OA. Study design: Cross-sectional, in vivo metabolomics and glycomics study. Methods: In cohort 1, carpal synovial fluid (n = 12 horses; n = 6 healthy, n = 6 OA) was analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In cohort 2 (n = 40 horses; n = 20 healthy, n = 20 OA), carpal synovial fluid was analysed using lectin microarrays and a lubricin sandwich ELISA. Results: Metabolomic analysis identified >4900 LC-MS features of which 84 identifiable metabolites were differentially expressed (P < .05) between healthy and OA joints, including key pathways related to inflammation (histidine and tryptophan metabolism), oxidative stress (arginine biosynthesis) and collagen metabolism (lysine metabolism). Principle Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis demonstrated separation between healthy and OA synovial fluid. Lectin microarrays identified distinct glycosylation patterns between healthy and OA synovial fluid, including increased Core 1/Core 3…
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