A Comprehensive Review on Lysine: Biochemical Properties and Health Implications
Abstract
L-Lysine, one of the nine essential amino acids, plays a pivotal role in maintaining human and animal health through its diverse biochemical and physiological functions. As a key building block in protein synthesis, lysine is fundamental for tissue repair, calcium absorption, hormone production, and enzymatic activity. This review provides a multidisciplinary overview of recent advances in lysine research, encompassing its moilcular dynamics, clinical applications, regulatory mechanisms, and broader implications for nutrition, metabolism, immunity, neurophysiology, and biotechnology. Lysine's significance in human health has been extensively investigated, particularly in the context of dietary supplementation. According to clinical research, children and adolescents who take L-lysine supplements benefit from improved growth and development, particularly in areas where diets lack sufficient amounts of lysine-rich protein sources. When used within advised bounds, supplements have been linked to increased lean body mass, height velocity, and a decreased incidence of stunting without causing appreciable side effects. Supplementing with lysine also has the potential to improve immune responses, increase calcium retention, and speed the healing process from illnesses brought on by stress. Lysine experiences a number of post-translational modifications (PTMs) at the molecular level that have a major impact on gene expression, metabolism, and cellular signalling.. Key PTMs…
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