Central nervous system infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis in an adult: a case report and literature review
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for M. hominis induced CNS infections in non-neonatal patients, raise clinical awareness, and provide insights for managing such cases.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment, and prognosis of an adult meningitis case caused by M. hominis. A systematic literature review spanning 1980-2024 was conducted via PubMed with keywords including "Mycoplasma hominis" AND ("encephalitis" OR "cerebritis" OR "cephalitis" OR "neuraxitis" OR "meningitis" OR "brain abscess" OR "cranial infection"). Non-neonatal cases with CNS involvement and comprehensive data were included for comparative analysis.
RESULTS: A 61-year-old male with hypertension and cerebral infarction underwent emergency neurosurgery after traumatic brain injury. Postoperative empirical antibiotics failed. CSF cultures showed pinpoint colonies, but definitive diagnosis required mNGS, confirming M. hominis. Moxifloxacin therapy led to clinical improvement. Literature review identified 30 cases (18 males and 12 females; age range 11-76 years, mean age 37 years). Main clinical diagnoses included brain abscess and meningitis. 96.7% of patients had a surgical history, and except for one undocumented fever case, all others exhibited febrile symptoms. Presenting symptoms included headache, altered consciousness, and hemiparesis/hemiplegia. Culture, 16 S rDNA sequencing, and mNGS were the primary…
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