Recent advancements in tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimens
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, with an estimated 10.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2022. Recent years have seen a 3.9% increase in TB incidence, reversing prior declines. Drug-resistant TB poses significant hurdles, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB affecting 410,000 individuals, yet only 175,650 were diagnosed and treated. Advances in TB treatment include the World Health Organization's recommended 6-month BPaLM regimen (Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin), demonstrating 89% treatment success for MDR/RR-TB cases. Innovative diagnostics like molecular tests, IGRA, CAD for chest radiography, and new skin tests enhance detection accuracy. Vaccine development is promising, with 16 candidates in clinical trials. Emerging drugs and regimens aim to shorten treatment duration and improve outcomes. This article reviews recent advancements in TB treatment regimens, diagnostics, and vaccines, emphasizing the importance of these innovations in addressing drug-resistant TB and improving global TB control efforts.
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