Global Burden of Tuberculosis and Drug-Resistant Subtypes Among Women of Childbearing Age from 1990 to 2021, with Projections to 2030
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major threat to women of childbearing age (WCBA, 15-49 years), yet comprehensive global burden analyses remain limited. This study provides a comprehensive global spatiotemporal analysis of TB and drug-resistant subtypes among WCBA.
Methods: Using Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data, we assessed the global incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of TB and drug-resistant subtypes among WCBA from 1990 to 2021, and projected trends to 2030 using Bayesian age-period-cohort models.
Results: In 2021, an estimated 1.99 million WCBA developed TB globally. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) declined for overall TB and drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB), but increased for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The large relative increases in XDR-TB should be interpreted cautiously because baseline estimates were very small and case definitions, testing capacity, and surveillance changed over time. The TB burden showed substantial geographic heterogeneity, with the highest age-standardized rates concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa. Age-specific patterns showed higher ASIRs in younger populations, whereas ASDRs increased with age. Among the four GBD-attributable exposures included in the comparative analysis, high body-mass index had the largest modeled TB-related DALY rate in 2021. This restricted comparison should not be interpreted as ranking all…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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