Presumed herpes simplex virus keratouveitis in a 2-year-old child: a case report
Abstract
Background: Ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease is uncommon in very young children and may be difficult to recognize because history and examination are limited and early manifestations can resemble bacterial conjunctivitis. Pediatric disease may involve multiple corneal layers, extend into the anterior chamber, recur, and threaten visual development. We describe presumed HSV keratouveitis in a 2-year-old child.
Case presentation: A 2-year-old girl presented with a two-month history of right-eye pain, photophobia, and tearing after an episode diagnosed elsewhere as HSV blepharoconjunctivitis. Previous topical treatments, including antibiotics, had produced little improvement. Examination revealed right eyelid edema, conjunctival congestion, and an inferior geographic epithelial defect involving one-third of the cornea; the anterior chamber was quiet. Suspected HSV epithelial keratitis was treated with topical acyclovir 3% ointment, moxifloxacin, and lubrication. Although the epithelium healed, stromal edema, infiltration, and endotheliitis developed. Topical prednisolone acetate and therapeutic-dose oral acyclovir were commenced after normal renal function was confirmed. Serological testing showed reactive cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG and IgM; Epstein-Barr virus IgG and IgM, HSV-1 IgG, HSV-2 IgG, rubella IgM, and Toxoplasma IgG and IgM were non-reactive. Initial improvement was followed by acute recurrence one week after transition to prophylactic acyclovir. Examination…
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