Comparative assessment of uterine fluid concentrations of moxifloxacin following intravenous, intramuscular and intrauterine administration in cows with uterine infection
Abstract
The selection of antimicrobial therapy for uterine infections in cows is largely based on the anticipated distribution of antimicrobial agents to the site of infection. However, determining the concentrations achieved at the site of infection following different routes of administration is essential for optimizing antimicrobial therapy in cows. Six non-descript cows weighing 250–300 kg with naturally occurring uterine infection received moxifloxacin at 5.0 mg/kg body weight, once daily for five consecutive days, via the intravenous, intramuscular, and intrauterine routes. Uterine fluid was sampled through an artificial insemination sheath over 24 h on days 1 and 5 and assayed by a validated microbiological method using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. All three routes delivered moxifloxacin to the uterine lumen above the 0.10 µg/ml therapeutic threshold for 12 h and the intrauterine route for at least 24 h. Peak uterine fluid concentrations were 4.48 ± 0.14 µg/ml (1st day) and 5.01 ± 0.12 µg/ml (5th day) at 1 h after intravenous, 2.57 ± 0.06 (1st day) and 2.86 ± 0.03 µg/ml (5th day) at 2 h after intramuscular, whereas 253.73 ± 4.06 (1st day) and 277.19 ± 8.04 µg/ml (5th day) at ten minutes after intrauterine administration. Concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher on day 5 than day 1 at every time point by every route. The intrauterine route produced markedly higher and more sustained local drug concentrations, indicating its potential to provide prolonged…
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