Animal Models for the Study and Treatment of Orthopaedic, Skeletal, and Joint Diseases
Abstract
Bone and joint diseases result in pain, disability, and decreased quality of life for millions. Approximately 25% of these affected individuals require lifestyle alterations because of their diagnosis. Bone and joint diseases can arise from age-related degeneration, bone tumors or tumor metastasis, acute injury, or developmental abnormalities. To better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of these disorders, scientists utilize a variety of techniques such as in vitro cell cultures and explant cultures to compare variations between healthy and pathological tissues. Furthermore, scientists often employ animal models to controllably induce and allow in-depth study of the underlying causes of the disorder and the efficacy of novel therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the importance of animal models to the understanding of osteoarthritis, critical size defects, heterotopic ossification with traumatic brain injury, and skeletal modifications made through distraction osteogenesis.
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