The Impact of VR Sketching Simulations on the Assessment of Scale and Site Suitability in Public Art Spaces
Abstract
Assessing scale mismatch, visual obstruction, and circulation conflict from two-dimensional drawings remains difficult in public art design. Finally, a VR simulation framework is developed, which integrates real scale calibration, space drawing, synchronous behavior trajectory, and dynamic scene analysis. Continuous interaction records were converted into behavioral, semantic, and pedestrian envelope. In a 10-week controlled trial, 180 students were enrolled in the study, with class level stratification, standardized familiarisation, matching tasks, and blind scores. About 4.3 million interaction records supported comparisons with single-view, multi-view, and distance-aware baselines. The proposed approach achieves 4.4% visual area error, 0.903 occlusion-recognition F1, and 0.872 passage-collision F1, and 28.6 ms for each key point. Ablative analysis has demonstrated the contribution of trajectory correction, adaptive weighting, semantic occlusion, and passage-envelope modeling. Compared with the conventional design, the VR group had lower elevation, better visual field visibility, fewer circulation conflicts, and higher site suitability scores, while the viewpoint coverage mediated 26.1% of the overall effect.
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