Clinical evaluation of marginal integrity of tempered and non-tempered bulk fill Vs incrementally packed nanohybrid resin composite restorations: one year randomized clinical trial
Abstract
Abstract Background Polymerization shrinkage and marginal degradation remain major challenges in resin composite restorations. Bulk-fill and thermo-viscous composites have been introduced to simplify placement while maintaining marginal integrity. Aim The study's objective was to assess the marginal integrity of tempered and non-tempered bulk fill versus incrementally packed nanohybrid resin composite restorations through a one- year clinical follow up conducted at three evaluation intervals. Methods A total of sixty adult participants were included after providing informed consent. The study involved posterior teeth with occlusal carious lesions and no clinical signs of irreversible pulpitis. Standardized Class I cavity preparations were performed, followed by restoration using resin-based composite materials. Participants were randomly divided into three groups of equal numbers. In the first group , restorations were completed using a preheated bulk-fill composite (VisCalor Bulk, VOCO, Germany). The second group received a bulk-fill composite applied at room temperature (X-tra fil, VOCO, Germany). The control group was restored using a nanohybrid composite placed incrementally (Grandio, VOCO, Germany). Clinical evaluation was carried out after three, six, and twelve months using modified USPHS criteria. The statistical analysis employed Fisher's exact test. The significance level was found to be (p ≤ 0.05). Results All tested materials demonstrated clinically acceptable…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design.
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