Berberine-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 and its mechanism for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive pathway review
Abstract
Abstract Introduction A growing number of studies have thus far showed the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the intestinal microbiome homoeostasis. As reported, the gut microflora can be significantly different in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) compared to those in healthy individuals. Methods The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2022 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords. Discussion This review highlights research on the anti-diabetic properties of berberine (BBR)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), as a glucose-lowering factor and a balance regulator in the microbial flora of the intestines, which plays an important role in adjusting the signalling pathways affecting insulin secretion. Results Considering the anti-diabetic characteristics of the BBR-induced GLP-1, BBR makes a promising complementary treatment for reducing the clinical symptoms of DM by reducing the hyperglycaemia. Berberin might be a safe and effective drug for T2DM with little or no adverse effects. HIGHLIGHTS Berberine induces GLP-1 insulin secretion by PLC2 pathway in the intestinal Berberine-induced GLP-1 decreases mitochondrial stress and relocates cytochrome c out of the mitochondria. Berberine induces GLP-1 secretion in the intestine by altering the bacterial profile, thus could possibly lighten diabetes symptoms Berberine-induced SCFA production, SCFA causes GLP-1 secretion from the intestinal L-Cell.…
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