Efficacy of Gut Microbiome-Targeted Therapies in Modulating Systemic Inflammation and Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory States in Adults With Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Gut microbiome-targeted therapies have shown promise in promoting the outcomes of metabolic inflammation-related disease management. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of microbiome-targeted interventions and pinpoint the most promising therapies for clinical implementation. Following the PRISMA 2020 standards, we searched four main databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. We integrated medical subject headings (MeSH) and free-text keywords search pertinent to gut microbiome-targeted interventions, along with related outcomes such as inflammation and insulin resistance. English studies were conducted on primary adults with a metabolic disease diagnosis or deemed a high risk, and were mandated to report at least one outcome pertinent to metabolic health or systemic inflammation. To assess the risk bias, data were extracted, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool was employed. Fifteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted. We found that probiotics significantly enhanced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), reduced circulating endotoxin levels, decreased visceral fat, BMI, and fat mass, and increased beneficial taxa with obesity-associated bacteria reduction. However, inconsistent outcomes were shown for lipid parameters. Prebiotic therapies showed significant decreases in fasting glucose in overweight people, and insulin levels and HOMA-IR in patients with metabolic syndrome, enhanced anti-inflammatory…
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