Gut microbiome diversity and composition in individuals with and without extended-spectrum β-lactamase-Producing enterobacterales carriage: a matched case-control study in infectious diseases department
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Little is known on the effect of gut microbial and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) carriage, particularly in the general population. The aim of this study was to identify microbiota signatures uniquely correlated with ESBL-E carriage.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study among individuals seeking care at the Sexual Health Clinic or Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases at Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France. Using coarsened exact matching, 176 participants with ESBL-carriage (i.e., cases) were matched 1:1 to those without ESBL-carriage (i.e., controls) based on sexual group, ESBL-E prevalence of countries traveled in <12 months, number of sexual partners in <6 months, geographic origin, and any antibiotic use in <6 months. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to generate differential abundances at the genus level and measures of α- and β-diversity.
RESULTS
Participants were mostly men (83.2%, n=293/352) and had a median age of 33 years (IQR=27-44). Nine genera were found associated with ESBL-E carriage (Figure 2C): Proteus (p0.05). There were no differences between those with versus without ESBL-E carriage in measures of α-diversity (Shannon Diversity Index, p=0.49; Simpson Diversity Index, p=0.54; and Chao1 Richness Estimator, p=0.16) or β-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, p=0.42).
CONCLUSION
In this large carefully controlled study, there is lacking evidence that gut microbial composition and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 293 participants or records.
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