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Association of gut microbiome and primary liver cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization and case–control study

Jun Ma, Jia-Liang Li, Chen Jin, Jinhuan Yang, Chong-Ming Zheng, Kaiwen Chen, Yi-Tong Xie, Yi Yang et al.

Liver international (Print), 2022

87 citations

Abstract

Observational epidemiology studies suggested a relationship between the gut microbiome and primary liver cancer. However, the causal relationship remains unclear because of confounding factors and reverse causality. We aimed to explore the causal role of the gut microbiome in the development of primary liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

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