Correlations between serum cytokines and gut microbiota in patients with Graves’ disease: A case–control study
Abstract
Graves’ disease (GD) is the most prevalent autoimmune thyroid disorder. Gut microbiome as a critical modulator of autoimmune pathogenesis through its bidirectional communication with host immunity. To elucidate the pathophysiological interplay between cellular immunity and gut microbiome composition in GD through systematic analysis of associations between peripheral blood cytokine profiles and microbial community dynamics. This case–control study enrolled 30 untreated GD patients consecutively admitted to the Department of Endocrinology at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University between January and July 2023, along with 30 age/sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Comprehensive evaluations included: electrochemiluminescence immunoassay quantification of thyroid function parameters, high-resolution Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing for fecal microbial community profiling, multiplex cytokine array analysis of peripheral blood immune markers. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to delineate relationships among cytokines, thyroid function index and gut microbial taxa alterations in GD pathogenesis. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the abundance and diversity of certain microbiota in the GD group decreased. Beta diversity analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiome composition of GD patients was significantly different from that of HC. The proportion of Firmicutes in patients with GD was lower than that in HC, while…
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