Differences and trends in pathogens between ventilator-associated pneumonia and non-ventilator-associated pneumonia: data from 61 hospitals in Suzhou, China, 2020-2024
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the differences in pathogenic bacterial profiles between ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) and to provide data to support clinical infection prevention and control.
Design: A retrospective observational study using surveillance data, accompanied by a statistical analysis of pathogen-related variables between the two study cohorts.
Setting: Sixty-one secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions in a single city. Data were extracted from the city's regional healthcare-associated infection surveillance platforms.
Participants: Inpatients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with confirmed hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including VAP and NV-HAP, at the aforementioned 61 healthcare institutions during the study period. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were excluded.
Outcome measures: (1) Pathogen distribution in patients with VAP and NV-HAP; (2) temporal trends in pathogen isolation rates (January 2020-December 2024) in both groups; (3) antimicrobial resistancecharacteristics of major pathogens, including detection/composition ratios of key multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA); (4) susceptibility of major pathogens to…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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