Microbiological and inflammatory profiles in diabetic foot infection: A severity-stratified analysis
Abstract
This study analyzed the bacterial spectrum, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and serum levels of human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) and procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) stratified by infection severity. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from DFI patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism at Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital between January 2018 and May 2024. Based on the 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America/ International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot classification system, patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe infection groups. Bacterial pathogen distribution, antibiotic susceptibility, and inflammatory markers (HNL [ng/mL] and PCT [ng/mL]) were compared across groups. Among 387 screened patients, 208 (53.8%) had positive bacterial cultures. Monomicrobial infections were identified in 160 cases (77.0%), while polymicrobial infections accounted for 44 (21.2%). Gram-positive (G+) bacteria constituted 58.2% (121/208) of isolates, and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria represented 18.8% (39/208). The predominant Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (52.1%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (14.9%), Staphylococcus hominis (5.0%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (5.0%), with S aureus being significantly more frequent across all severity groups (P < .05). Common Gram-negative (G-) isolates included Escherichia coli (28.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.4%), and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 387 participants or records.
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