Surveillance of epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends in antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (2021-2024)
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infections in the lower respiratory tract of pediatric patients in the southwestern Shandong Province, China, aiming to improve early diagnosis and guide clinical management. This retrospective cohort study analyzed pediatric patients with Hi lower respiratory tract infections in southwestern Shandong Province, China. Clinical isolates were obtained through standardized sputum/bronchoalveolar lavage collection protocols and underwent microbiological identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and β-lactamase production detection. All eligible pediatric patients with microbiologically confirmed lower respiratory tract infections during the study period were included, with no additional selection applied.The epidemiological patterns and clinical characteristics were systematically evaluated using electronic medical record data covering the period from January 2021 to December 2024. During the 4-year monitoring period (2021-2024), Hi was isolated from 1028 cases of lower respiratory tract bacterial infections in children, with an overall detection rate of 13.00%. The highest detection rate was observed in children aged 1-3 years (27.23%) and during the first quarter (17.37%, p 93%) were also observed for ciprofloxacin (99.71%), imipenem (99.51%), meropenem (98.74%), ceftriaxone (94.75%), ceftazidime (94.55%), cefotaxime (94.46%), and chloramphenicol (93.29%). Low susceptibility was…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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