Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Its Value as a Prognostic Factor in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Abstract
Background: Although oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a common finding in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), specific recommendations are not provided in the current clinical guidelines. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of OD and its associated factors among patients hospitalized for CAP and to assess one-year outcomes according to the presence or absence of OD. Methods: We studied 226 patients hospitalized for CAP and 226 patients hospitalized for respiratory conditions other than CAP. We screened the risk of OD using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), followed by the volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST). Results: A total of 122 (53.9%) patients with CAP had confirmed OD compared with 44 (19.4%) patients without CAP. Patients with CAP and OD were older (p < 0.001; 1.02-1.07) and had less familial/institutional support (p = 0.036; 0.12-0.91) compared to patients with CAP and no OD. OD was more prevalent as the CURB-65 score increased (p < 0.001). Patients with OD spent more time in the hospital (14.5 vs. 11.0 days; p = 0.038) and required more visits to the emergency room (ER). Twenty (16.4%) patients with CAP and OD died after discharge vs. one (0.8%) patient with CAP and no OD (p < 0.001; CI = 2.24-42.60). Conclusions: The prevalence of OD in hospitalized patients with CAP is higher than in patients hospitalized for other respiratory diagnoses. Advanced age, lower familial/institutional support, and increased CAP severity are associated with OD.…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a case-control, done in people. Its evidence level is 4 of 5 (Low · observational). Observational designs can show an association but not prove cause. Reported size: 226 participants or records.
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