Cytotoxicity and virulence attributes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from case reports of patients with necrotizing pneumonia
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes pneumonia, including a rare and aggressive form of lung infection called necrotizing pneumonia (NP). NP is characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis, abscess formation, and cavitation in the lung. The explanation for why some cases of pneumonia progress to NP remains unclear but may involve bacterial or host factors. Methods To assess whether some strains of P. aeruginosa have unique pathogenic properties that facilitate progression to NP, we obtained six clinical isolates from known cases of P. aeruginosa NP. We measured the genetic relatedness of these isolates, their cytotoxicity towards pulmonary epithelial-like cells, and their virulence in Galleria mellonella. Results The NP isolates did not share a single lineage or sequence type. There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity or G. mellonella mortality between NP isolates and a control group of non-NP clinical and reference strains. However, the NP isolates did show a trend towards higher cytotoxicity than the control strains after 3-h of co-incubation with pulmonary epithelial-like cells (16.3 % versus 1.7 %, p = 0.23). Conclusions Future studies of NP should focus on larger numbers of patients and bacterial strains to further explore whether NP isolates have enhanced cytotoxicity, examine a broader range of bacterial phenotypes and virulence determinants, and consider the role of host factors.
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