The influence of age, COVID-19, and cardiovascular disease on female usual interstitial pneumonia pattern-interstitial lung disease: case series
Abstract
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern indicates interstitial lung disease (ILD) with a poor prognosis. Despite its varied course, COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities may exacerbate disease development. We present two female cases with UIP pattern-ILD with divergent clinical trajectories. The first, aged 51, had no history of COVID-19 or cardiovascular disease and declined over three years before dying of respiratory failure. The second, aged 63, with severe COVID-19 infection, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, rapidly worsened and died three months after diagnosis. These cases illustrate how systemic variables—aging, cardiovascular failure, and post-COVID-19 inflammation—might influence UIP-pattern ILD. These disparate instances highlight the interaction of inflammation, vascular impairment, and immunological response in ILD. In UIP-pattern ILD female patients, age, COVID-19, and cardiovascular comorbidities appear to significantly impact disease dynamics, negatively influencing disease course and survival outcomes.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a case series, done in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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