Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of enamel hypomineralisation (EH), molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), and hypomineralisation affecting the first permanent molars and incisors (M + IH). It was hypothesized that MIH prevalence had not changed significantly over the last two decades.
METHODS: Published literature was screened via PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and an extensive hand search. A risk of bias assessment (RoB) was conducted. Prevalence estimates were synthesised in a random-effects meta-analysis and reported at the country-level, continent-level, and globally. Subgroup analyses between different MIH diagnosis indices were conducted. Global MIH prevalence trends between 2000 and 2020 were analysed at 5-year intervals.
RESULTS: Among the 746 retrieved references, 174 were eligible. However, 138 low-to-moderate RoB studies were included. EH global prevalence was estimated at 25.3% (20.0-30.6) across 21 studies from 15 countries. MIH prevalence was 15.5% (14.4-16.6) across 135 studies from 53 countries, with estimates ranging from 0.6 to 46.6%. Among these studies, 60 reported M + IH prevalence, estimated at 6.9% (6.0-7.7). The global MIH prevalence as analysed in 5-year intervals showed a relatively constant prevalence rate with no significant differences across the years. Similarly, MIH prevalence did not differ significantly based on the diagnostic index used.
CONCLUSION: EH phenotypes remain globally widespread with uneven distributions. Data doesn't…
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