Global co-occurrence of bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: A meta-regression analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are closely related, yet the relationship between bruxism and TMD remains one of the most debated topics in the literature.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to estimate the overall proportions of the co-occurrence of bruxism and TMD, and the prevalence of TMD in individuals with bruxism by continent. Additionally, factors that have an influence on these proportions, including geographical region, sex and other demographic variables, were analyzed.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A synthesis of data from 6 meta-analyses and systematic reviews published up to October 2024 was conducted. The data was extracted from 30 studies that analyzed 31 populations, with a total of 37,680 participants, of whom 5,117 were diagnosed with both bruxism and TMD. The analyses were conducted using the R statistical language.
RESULTS
The global co-occurrence of bruxism and TMD was 17%, with significant differences observed between continents. In North America, the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions was 70%, followed by 24% in South America, 14% in Europe and 9% in Asia. The analysis revealed that the sex of the participants was a significant factor, as higher proportions of female participants in a study sample increased the likelihood of the co-occurrence of TMD and bruxism. The mean prevalence of TMD among patients with bruxism was 63.5%, with the highest rate observed in North America (98.3%) and the lowest in Asia (53.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
The…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 37,680 participants or records.
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