Association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bruxism: a systematic review
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. Bruxism, defined as repetitive masticatory muscle activity involving clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or forceful mandibular movements, has been associated with several physiological and psychosocial factors. Considering the neurobehavioral profile of individuals with ADHD, a possible association between ADHD and bruxism has been hypothesized.
Aims: To determine whether an association exists between ADHD and bruxism.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five electronic databases and two gray literature sources. Observational studies comparing individuals with ADHD to non-ADHD controls, with data on the presence of bruxism, were included. Independent authors conducted study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed using RevMan Web. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Sixteen studies with 16,348 participants were included. The pooled OR indicated that individuals with ADHD were two times more likely to present bruxism compared to controls (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.72-2.71; p < 0.00001, I2 51%). Subgroup analyses by age group showed a consistent association across children, adolescents, and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 16,348 participants or records.
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