Association Between Arterial Hypertension and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis and arterial hypertension are highly prevalent chronic conditions that share common risk factors and inflammatory pathways. Increasing evidence suggests a potential association between both diseases; however, the strength and consistency of this relationship remain unclear. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and the Cochrane Library without date restrictions. Studies evaluating the association between periodontitis and arterial hypertension in humans were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: Thirty-six studies were included in the systematic review; of these, 11 studies reporting a directly comparable, adjusted odds ratio were included in the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising a total of 48,761 participants. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between periodontitis and hypertension (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.42-1.93; p 2 = 65%) but was partly explained by periodontal case definition, with a stronger association among studies using the AAP/EFP classification (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.57-2.30) than those using alternative periodontal indices (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.21-1.50). The overall certainty of evidence, assessed using GRADE, was rated as Very Low.…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 48,761 participants or records.
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