Adolescent Suicide During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bullying Dynamics, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies-A Systematic Review
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze adolescent suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, examine the relationship between bullying, cyberbullying, and suicidal behavior, and identify evidence-based prevention strategies. Methods: A systematic review of 26 peer-reviewed articles (published between 2020 and 2025) was conducted across five databases. Studies were appraised for quality using STROBE and SRQR guidelines. Results: The pandemic significantly impacted adolescent mental health, increasing depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, particularly among females and vulnerable populations. Notably, while traditional bullying decreased during school closures (78.2% reduction), cyberbullying reports saw a substantial increase (with a 264.4% spike documented in national helpline data). Key risk factors included social isolation, excessive social media use, pre-existing mental health conditions, and low socioeconomic status. Protective factors included family support and access to mental health services. Conclusions: COVID-19 created a significant adolescent mental health crisis. The shift to cyberbullying represents a critical emerging threat. Effective prevention requires a multitiered approach including universal screening, telehealth, and social-emotional learning programs while addressing the persistent shortage of mental health professionals.
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Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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