Acclimatization of manihot esculenta crantz seedlings inoculated in vitro with plant growth-promoting bacteria
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most exploited crops in agriculture worldwide, occupying approximately 20 million hectares with a production of approximately 276million tons of tuberous roots that are shared almost entirely by the African (57%), Asian (31%) and American (10%) continents FAO,1 The reason for its widespread diffusion is due mainly to the ability of cassava to adapt to different climate and soil conditions, as well as its ease of cultivation and, mainly, its higher biological efficiency, which allows for the conversion of greater amounts of solar energy into carbohydrates per unit area (250.103cal/ha/day) compared with other crops such as corn, rice, sorghum and wheat Okigbo.2 Thus, cassava is one of the basic foods used by millions of people, not only as an important reserve against hunger for poor people but also for the creation of jobs and income Olukunle3 Nonetheless, although it is recognized in the global socio-economic scenario, its average yield (13t/ha) is below its productive potential, which that, ideally can reach 80t/ha/ year of roots El-Sharkawy.4 Among the various factors attributed to this poor performance, the physiological aging caused by the repeated propagation of the maniva seed has contributed to a decrease in the sprouting and vigor of the plant. In addition, the long cycle of cassava increases its susceptibility to many pests and diseases that can be transmitted from one culture cycle to another Iglesias et al.,5…
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