Dissecting the genetic features and evolution of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 88: a global perspective
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus sequence type (ST) 88, encompassing both methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) phenotypes, is globally prevalent and commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Despite its widespread occurrence, comprehensive genomic studies on this clone remain scarce. In this study, we performed detailed genomic analyses on 130 ST88 isolates derived from severe bloodstream infections alongside 275 publicly available ST88 sequences. Our phylogenetic analysis identified four distinct clades, with evidence suggesting independent evolution and significant clonal expansion of ST88 in China, particularly within clade I, which appeared to have emerged circa 1964. We documented notable interregional, international, and even intercontinental transmission of ST88 isolates. Variability in the distribution of SCCmec and spa types was observed across clades. Our in silico analyses indicated distinct patterns in the distribution of resistance genes, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements among the clades, with clade I notably harboring the highest prevalence of the intact sraP gene and an independently acquired novel prophage, φST88-1. Conversely, clade IV exhibited deletions within the sasC gene, with certain sub-clades lacking the sdrDE and fnbB genes, underscoring the superior adhesive capabilities of clade I. In vitro experiments confirmed enhanced biofilm formation in clade I isolates, although the levels of…
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