In Silico Characterisation and Gene Expression of Two Putative Effectors From ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma Palmae’ Associated With Coconut Lethal Yellowing
Abstract
Phytoplasmas significantly reduce crop yields across different plant species, as exemplified by coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLY), which affects coconut palms in the American continent. These pathogens encode in the genome the ability to produce effectors that target important proteins in the plant host, inducing morphology alterations, plant sterility and attractiveness to insect vectors. This attractiveness is crucial for the transmission and spread of phytoplasmas to other plant species. Understanding how these effectors function is essential for comprehending the mechanisms of action of phytoplasmas. However, only a few effectors coding genes have been identified in phytoplasmas, and no effector responsible for CLY has been reported. In this study, an in silico identification of two effectors of ‘
Candidatus
Phytoplasma palmae’ associated with CLY in the Americas was conducted. The predicted effectors encoded two proteins of 124 aa (secretory protein 7) and 128 aa (secretory protein 10) with 73% identity between them. These proteins were classified as classical effectors, characterised by small size, signal peptide, nuclear localisation signal and absence of a transmembrane domain. Furthermore, gene expression of
SP10
was detected in samples from leaves and stems of infected palms.
Read the paper
Related studies
- Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield. A case study in Eastern Zimbabwe
- Alarming situation of emerging H5 and H7 avian influenza and effective control strategies
- Livestock and food security: vulnerability to population growth and climate change
- Atmosphere–ocean oxygen and productivity dynamics during early animal radiations
- Characterization of the global distribution and diversified plasmid reservoirs of the colistin resistance gene mcr-9
- The global seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.